
Science Calculators
Do you need to solve an equation? Calculate the area of a geometric figure? Convert units of measurement? On Calcolo.online you will find advanced tools for scientific and mathematical calculations.
From algebra and geometry calculations to unit conversions, through tools dedicated to physics such as the resonance frequency and the Earth’s curvature, our calculators offer you precise solutions in a few seconds.
Each calculator is developed with certified formulas and scientific data, to guarantee exact and reliable results.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are scientific units of measurement?
Scientific units of measurement are standardized and universally accepted ways to quantify physical quantities. They are essential for science, technology, and trade because they ensure consistency, allow for clear communication, and enable reproducible experiments and accurate comparisons of data across the globe.
Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects:
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Standardization: Scientific units are defined very precisely based on fundamental physical constants or stable phenomena.
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Universality: The goal is to have a single, coherent system used worldwide, especially in scientific research and international collaborations.
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The International System of Units (SI): This is the modern form of the metric system and the most widely used system of measurement in science and globally (including Italy). It’s built upon seven base units, each representing a fundamental physical quantity:
- Meter (m): Unit of length.
- Kilogram (kg): Unit of mass.
- Second (s): Unit of time.
- Ampere (A): Unit of electric current.
- Kelvin (K): Unit of thermodynamic temperature (Celsius, °C, is also commonly used in many contexts and is derived from Kelvin).
- Mole (mol): Unit of amount of substance (used heavily in chemistry).
- Candela (cd): Unit of luminous intensity.
- Meter (m): Unit of length.
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Derived Units: All other scientific units can be derived from these seven base units through multiplication and division. Examples include:
- Area: square meter (m²)
- Volume: cubic meter (m³) (Litres are also commonly used, where 1 L = 0.001 m³)
- Speed: meter per second (m/s)
- Force: Newton (N), which is kg⋅m/s²
- Energy: Joule (J), which is N⋅m or kg⋅m²/s²
- Power: Watt (W), which is J/s
- Pressure: Pascal (Pa), which is N/m²
- Frequency: Hertz (Hz), which is 1/s
- Area: square meter (m²)
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Prefixes: The SI system uses prefixes to denote multiples and submultiples (powers of 10) of units, making it convenient to express very large or very small quantities. Examples include:
kilo-
(k): 1,000 (e.g., kilometer, km = 1000 m)milli-
(m): 0.001 (e.g., milligram, mg = 0.001 g)micro-
(µ): 0.000001 (e.g., microsecond, µs)nano-
(n): 0.000000001 (e.g., nanometer, nm)mega-
(M): 1,000,000 (e.g., megawatt, MW)giga-
(G): 1,000,000,000 (e.g., gigabyte, GB)
How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?
To convert Celsius to Kelvin, simply add 273.15 to the temperature in Celsius.
What is Ohm’s Law?
Ohm’s Law describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R): V = I × R.
What is frequency?
Frequency refers to how often an event repeats per second and is measured in hertz (Hz).
How is energy calculated in joules?
Energy in joules is calculated by multiplying power (watts) by time (seconds).
What does pH measure?
pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
What are scientific prefixes like kilo, mega, and micro?
These prefixes represent powers of ten to express very large or very small numbers (e.g., 1 km = 1000 m).
What’s the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object (in kg), while weight is the gravitational force acting on that mass (in newtons).
What is a radiation calculator?
It’s a tool for converting and comparing radiation units like becquerel, sievert, and gray.
How is the speed of light calculated in different mediums?
The speed of light in a medium is equal to its speed in vacuum divided by the refractive index of the medium.
What are scientific calculators used for?
Scientific calculators are used for complex mathematical operations such as trigonometry, logarithms, exponents, and scientific notation — essential in science and engineering.
How is BMI calculated and what does it represent?
BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared: BMI = weight / (height²). It is a health indicator of body fat.
What is the purpose of a standard deviation calculator?
It helps measure the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values — useful in statistics and scientific data analysis.
How is the energy of light (photons) calculated?
The energy of a photon can be calculated using the formula E = h × f, where h is Planck’s constant and f is the frequency.
What is a frequency converter and why is it important?
It converts frequency units like Hz, kHz, MHz, or GHz — useful in physics, telecommunications, and electronics.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object (kg), while weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass (N).
How does the temperature converter work?
It allows you to convert between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine — often needed in scientific experiments and data comparison.
What is scientific notation and when is it used?
Scientific notation expresses very large or small numbers in the form a × 10^n. It simplifies calculations in science and engineering.
How are exponents and roots used in science?
Exponents represent repeated multiplication; roots are the inverse. Both are common in physics, chemistry, and biology formulas.
What are the most common unit conversions in science?
Length (m, cm, nm), mass (g, kg), time (s), temperature (C, K), energy (J, eV), and pressure (Pa, atm) are frequently converted.